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In ancient Roman religion, the Capitoline Triad was a group of three supreme deities who were worshipped in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill, the Capitolium. Two distinct Capitoline Triads were worshipped at various times in Rome's history, both originating in ancient traditions predating the Roman Republic. The one most commonly referred to as the "Capitoline Triad" is the more recent of the two, consisting of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva and drawing on Etruscan mythology.〔Mithras was known as messenger of the Capitoline Triad. Dumézil, Georges (1970). ''Archaic Roman Religion with an appendix on the Religion of the Etruscans. Vols 1 & 2'' (pp. 280–310). Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-8018-5481-4.〕 The earlier triad, sometimes referred to in modern scholarship as the Archaic Triad, consisted of Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus and was Indo-European in origin. Each triad held a central place in the public religion of Rome during its time. Juno was protector of women, and she was worshipped under several different names. ==Archaic Triad== The original three deities thus worshipped, now more commonly referred to as the Archaic Triad, were Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus. This structure was no longer clearly detectable in later times, and only traces of it could be identified from various literary sources and other testimonies. Georg Wissowa, in his manual of the Roman religion, identified the structure as a triad on the grounds of the existence in Rome of the three ''flamines maiores'', who carry out service to these three gods. He remarked that this triadic structure looks to be predominant in many sacred ''formulae'' which go back to the most ancient period and noted its pivotal role in determining the ''ordo sacerdotum'', the hierarchy of dignity of Roman priests: rex sacrorum, flamen dialis, Flamen Martialis, flamen quirinalis and pontifex maximus in order of decreasing dignity and importance.〔Festus s.v. ordo sacerdotum p. 299 L 2nd.〕 He remarked that since such an order did no longer reflect the real influence and relationships of power among priests in the later times, it should have reflected a hierarchy of the earliest phase of Roman religion.〔Wissowa cited the following sources as supporting the existence of this ''triad'': Servius ''ad Aeneidem'' VIII 663 on the ritual of the ''Salii'', priests who use the ''ancilia'' in their ceremonies and are under the tutelage of Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus; Polybius ''Hist.'' III 25, 6 in occasion of a treaty stipulated by the fetials between Rome and Carthage; Livy VIII 9, 6 in the formula of the devotio of Decius Mus; Festus s.v. spolia opima, along with Plutarch ''Marcellus'' 8, Servius ''ad Aeneidem'' VI 860 on the same topic.〕 Wissowa identified the presence of such a ''triad'' also in the Umbrian ritual of Iguvium where only Iove, Marte and Vofionus are granted the epithet of Grabovius and the fact that in Rome the three ''flamines maiores'' are all involved in a peculiar way in the cult of goddess Fides.〔G. Wissowa ''Religion und Kultus der Roemer'' Munich 1912 pp. 23 and 133-134.〕 However Wissowa did not pursue further the analysis of the meaning and function of the structure (which he called ''Göttersystem'') he had identified. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Capitoline Triad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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